The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.